News update 27/04/2022 76

Renforçant l'État athénien, Périclès se souvint de son principal ennemi - Sparte. Les alliés de Sparte, les villes aristocratiques, ont exigé une action décisive contre l'Athènes démocratique, dont l'influence grandissait rapidement. L'ancienne rivale d'Athènes, Corinthe, était particulièrement inquiète. Dans ce document, ils ont regardé avec inquiétude les Athéniens développer leur commerce avec les colonies grecques d'Italie et de Sicile, évinçant progressivement les Corinthiens. Un autre conflit qui éclata entre les alliés de Sparte et d'Athènes chauffa encore plus la situation. Les Corinthiens, qui avaient la relation la plus directe avec la guerre civile, ont accusé Athènes de violer les termes de la paix de trente ans. Les alliés ont unanimement exigé que les Spartiates freinent le rival présomptueux. Après avoir écouté toutes les plaintes et appels, Sparte a présenté un ultimatum à Athènes, dont l'une des exigences était l'expulsion de l'état des Alk-Meonids, c'est-à-dire Périclès. Il devait maintenant être considéré comme le coupable de la guerre, se rappelant que c'était à la suggestion de Périclès qu'Athènes intervint dans le conflit des villes du Péloponnèse.

On sait depuis longtemps que ceux qui ont choisi la politique comme destin doivent rarement compter sur la reconnaissance de leurs contemporains. Malgré tous les succès d'Athènes, Périclès lui-même a eu du mal à cette époque. "Pourquoi vous, Athéniens, en avez-vous assez de recevoir la gentillesse des mêmes personnes ?" - ces paroles de Thémistocle, le héros de la guerre avec les Iraniens, expulsé d'Athènes, pourraient être répétées par Périclès. Un homme qui a consacré 30 ans de sa vie à la démocratie a été accusé de tyrannie. N'osant pas encore s'attaquer directement à Périclès, les ennemis s'en prennent à sa femme et à ses amis : Phidias est mort en prison, Aspasia n'a guère pu se défendre des accusations.

L'ultimatum de Sparte fut rejeté et en 431 av. Les Spartiates ont envahi l'Attique. La guerre des Hellènes avec les Hellènes a commencé - la guerre du Péloponnèse (voir article "Sparte"). Périclès exhorta les habitants de l'Attique à se réfugier derrière les Longs Murs d'Athènes. Il a gardé les Athéniens se précipitant dans la bataille, offrant de s'appuyer sur la flotte, qu'il a envoyée pour ravager la côte du Péloponnèse. Les Spartiates ont battu en retraite, mais cela n'a pas apporté de soulagement. Avec les réfugiés qui vivaient dans la ville dans la saleté et à l'étroit, est venue la peste. Les citoyens effrayés ont commencé à chercher quelqu'un à blâmer pour leurs problèmes, et leur colère est tombée sur Périclès.

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https://all-andorra.blogspot.com/2017/12/blog-post_69.html

https://all-andorra.blogspot.com/2017/12/blog-post_64.html

Pour la première fois en 15 ans, en 430 av. J.-C., Périclès n'est pas élu stratège. Il a été accusé de détournement de fonds et condamné à une amende, oubliant qu'à un moment donné, proclamant Périclès le premier citoyen de l'État, ses principaux mérites étaient reconnus comme le patriotisme et l'incorruptibilité. Les rivaux pouvaient triompher, mais aucun des "autres stratèges et orateurs n'avait ni l'influence suffisante pour un pouvoir aussi élevé, ni l'autorité pour assurer son exécution fiable", écrit Plutarque. Les Athéniens étaient tellement habitués aux conseils et aux suggestions de Périclès qu'ils ne savaient que faire sans lui. Réalisant de leur propre expérience qu'il existe encore des personnes irremplaçables, les Athéniens changeants en 429 av. Périclès a de nouveau été choisi comme stratège. Mais il était trop fatigué, il avait 60 ans. Il a perdu des amis dans la lutte contre les opposants, la peste a emporté ses proches. La même année, Périclès meurt.

Les mérites de Périclès étaient la puissance de l'État athénien et la beauté immortelle de la grande ville. Sa victoire a été la démocratie athénienne renforcée - la domination des citoyens à part entière.

Périclès mourut à Athènes, ne sachant heureusement pas qu'ils ne seraient jamais aussi forts et majestueux qu'au temps où, comme en témoigne Plutarque, il « concentrait en lui-même Athènes et toutes les affaires qui dépendaient des Athéniens, - les contributions, alliés, armée, îles, mer, grande puissance et souveraineté."